GRADE 12 – Unit 2: Introduction to Calculus

This unit, designed for Ethiopian Grade 12 Mathematics students , introduces fundamental concepts of calculus, focusing on understanding rates of change, derivatives, and integrals. By the end of this unit, students will be equipped to:

1. Deduce and calculate the rate of change of various quantities.
2. Understand the concept of the gradient of functions at specific points.
3. Analyze both geometrical and mechanical interpretations of derivatives.
4. Use gradient methods to find derivatives of simple functions.
5. Calculate the area under curves bounded by functions and the x-axis on a given interval.
6. Grasp the concept of definite integrals and their applications.
7. Appreciate the real-world significance of derivatives and integrals in solving problems.
8. Apply integral calculus to solve practical mathematical problems encountered in everyday life.
9. Use the concept of derivatives to address problems in business, economics, and road taxation.

The unit also introduces students to key concepts such as anti-derivatives, definite and indefinite integrals, and fundamental calculus theorems. It aims to build foundational skills that are essential for analyzing dynamic systems and solving a wide range of practical problems in diverse fields.